Mayesero ku New Zealand amaliza mwayi wa Swiftwater Breathing Apparatus (SWBA) kuti asinthe kupulumutsa madzi osefukira ndi kusefukira.
Mu 1942, Jacques-Yves Cousteau ndi Émile Gagnan adapanga chida choyamba chodalirika komanso chochita bwino pamalonda cha Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (SCUBA), chodziwika kuti Aqua-Lung. Mu 1945, Scott Aviation anagwira ntchito ndi New York Fire Department kuti tulutsani kukhazikitsidwa koyamba kwa AirPac, Chida Chodzipangira Chopumira (SCBA) chozimitsa moto.
Ngakhale njira zopulumutsira madzi mwachangu zidayamba kuonekera m'ma 1970, kuchepetsa ziwopsezo zomwe zidawopseza chitetezo cha opulumutsira zimayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga zida za Personal Flotation Devices (PFDs). Komabe, ngakhale mutakhala ndi PFD yamphamvu kwambiri, Kumira kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cholakalaka pang'ono ngati supuni ya tiyi yamadzi. Njira yokhayo yotsimikizirika yopeŵera kumira ndi kupewa kulakalaka madzi, ndipo zimenezi zingatheke kokha ndi chitetezo cha kupuma. Ponena za chitetezo chotere, SCUBA ndi SCBA nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu komanso zolemetsa, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osayenerera kupulumutsa madzi mwachangu.
"Zikuwoneka kuti pali chidwi chofuna kukhala Mfumu, koma ma PFD ena a Rescue akukhala opangidwa mopitilira muyeso kotero kuti simungathe kuwayendetsa ndikuyambitsa ngozi mwa iwo okha. M'madzi omwe ali ndi mpweya wabwino mutha kumira, ngati dzenje la thovu - kotero cholinga chake chiyenera kuchoka pakuchita bwino, komanso kutha kupuma ngati atamizidwa kapena kumizidwa ndi madzi ".
M'chaka chathachi mayesero apangidwa ndi PSI Global ku New Zealand ndi United Arab Emirates kuti agwiritsenso ntchito Emergency Breathing Systems (EBS) kuti agwire ntchito zopulumutsa madzi mofulumira, zomwe zinapangidwa ndi "Swift Water Breathing Apparatus" kapena SWBA. EBS ndi makina a mini-SCUBA omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi oyendetsa ndege kuti athawe ndege zomwe zatsika m'madzi. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyenda panyanja ndi m'malo ena apanyanja kuti athawe zombo zomira kapena kugubuduzika.
Nkhaniyi ikupereka chithunzithunzi cha magwiridwe antchito a zida zosiyanasiyana za EBS zomwe zimapezeka pamsika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayeserowo ndipo imapereka malingaliro azamalamulo ndi magwiridwe antchito kwa ogwiritsa ntchito a SWBA.
Choyamba, SWBA imagwira ntchito popanda cholinga chodumphira pansi. SWBA imapereka mpweya wowonjezera pang'ono kuti tithe kuchita ntchito zapamwamba zomwe zingakhale zovuta kuchita mwanjira ina, monga kupulumuka kudutsa mumtsinje wautali kapena kutipatsa nthawi yoti tinyamule pamtengo poyesa kuthawa chiwonongeko chakupha. wa dambo lamutu wochepa. SWBA itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchepetsa chiopsezo chokoka mpweya ndi kumwa madzi osefukira oipitsidwa.
Kachiwiri, imayendetsedwa nthawi zonse ndi Personal Floatation Device (PFD). Zili choncho zokwezedwa mwanjira yoti yasokera, koma wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kufika msanga pakamwa kuti apereke mpweya wopuma. Chigoba chotsika kwambiri chimakhala choyenera mukamagwiritsa ntchito SWBA popeza masks okwera kwambiri amakhala osavuta kumasula kapena kutulutsa pakalipano.
PSI Global yakhazikitsa pulogalamu ya Upangiri Wabwino Woyeserera: Swiftwater Breathing Apparatus pogwiritsa ntchito Maupangiri Abwino a WorkSafe ku New Zealand a Occupational Diving ndi Snorkelling kuthandiza mabungwe kukhazikitsa SWBA mosamala. Pansi pa Bukhuli, ogwira ntchito akuyenera kukhala ndi akatswiri opulumutsa madzi osefukira ndi ziphaso zapamalo osangalalira asanaphunzitsidwe za SWBA.
Ndi silinda ya mpweya yopepuka yokhala ndi pakati pa 300 ndi 500 mL (16 oz) voliyumu yamadzi (kupewa zina zofunika pakuyezetsa hydrostatic ku New Zealand), SWBA iyenera kukwera pakati pa mapewa kumbuyo kuti ipezeke mosavuta ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka. . Kwa osambira ambiri, izi zimamveka ngati mpweya wopanda ntchito (botolo la pony). Kusiyana ndi SWBA ndikuti nthawi zambiri imakhala yaying'ono kwambiri mu voliyumu ndipo imathanso kupangidwa kuchokera ku kaboni fiber (yomwe siili yoyenera kudumphira mozama chifukwa cha kusuntha kwawo ndi zina).
Mlandu wovomerezeka unachitika pa Vector Wero whitewater park mu Okutobala 2023 pogwiritsa ntchito HEED3, Tiger Performance EBS ndi zida zosinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zochokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana kuphatikiza Aqualung ABS Octopus. The Poseidon ndi Mtengo wa EBS adawunikidwa pakompyuta potengera zinthu zomwe zimapezeka pagulu komanso kulumikizana ndi omwe amawagawa. Ma PFD awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa EBS yonse pamayesero anali NRS Rapid Rescuer ndi Force6 Rescue Ops zovala.
Kuyesa kwathu kudapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito SWBA kwathandizira opareshoni kwambiri. Tinavala SWBA kumayambiriro kwa ntchito za tsikulo ndi kuvala kuti tiwone ngati zikutilepheretsa kuyenda ndipo sitinapeze kusokoneza koteroko.
Mchitidwe wokhazikika wokhala ndi nsagwada yomasuka yogwira pakamwa (2nd stage regulator) mu SCUBA diving inachititsa kusintha pang'ono kwa khalidwe ndi kufunikira kowonjezera kuluma kowonjezereka pamene mukudutsa m'madzi ndi ma hydraulics ngati mwinamwake chowuma pakamwa chimakonda kutulutsidwa ndi madzi achipwirikiti. Zinangotengera chokumana nacho chimodzi chotere kuti chilimbikitse kuluma kolimba pamayendetsedwe amtundu wa whitewater. Mayunitsi kupatula chipangizo chopangidwa bwino, choperekedwa kwa mphindi 1-2 za mpweya,
Seti yokonzedwanso idagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera kwa ogulitsa osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza okonzanso. AquaLung ABS Octopus zomwe mosiyana ndi zapakamwa zina zimayikidwa ndi madigiri a 120 ku payipi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuziyika ndi kuziyika pamene zodzaza kutsogolo kwa PFD.
Tawona kuti zingakhale zothandiza kukhala ndi choteteza manja kuti muchepetse bwino payipi yotsika kwambiri ndikupewa kuti payipi ikhale yowopsa ngati payipiyo ikangotuluka mosazindikira kutsogolo kwa PFD. Nkhola ingathandizenso kubwezeretsa gawo lachiwiri lowongolera ngati lagwetsedwa kapena kuchotsedwa pakamwa.
Kukula kwakutsogolo kwa ma PFD onsewo kunatsimikizira kuti valavu yotsuka imakhala yotetezedwa bwino kuti isayambike mosayenera monga potuluka m'chifuwa chamadzi poyamba. Ndi chigoba chocheperako chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana, chinapangitsa kugwira ntchito mu whitewater yovuta kukhala yopumula mopanda nzeru ngakhale mu Mathithi a Class V. Izi komabe ndizowopsa za SWBA, chifukwa zitha kupanga kudalira komanso kudalira kogwiritsa ntchito mopitilira muyeso, komabe tili otsimikiza kuti uku kunali kutsutsidwa komweko kwa AirPac pomwe idayambitsidwa pafupi zaka 80 zapitazo.
SWBA idayesedwanso ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri kudutsa m'munsi mwa mathithi a Gulu la V
Poyang'ana deta yoperekedwa ndi National Fire Protection Association [1], anthu ambiri omwe amapha anthu ozimitsa moto amakhudzana ndi kupulumutsa kapena kuthandiza ena. Komanso chodziwika chinali imfa zomwe zimaphatikizapo kugwa mu ayezi ndi kulowa mu magalimoto akukokoloka ndi madzi osefukira, yomwe ikuwonetseratu kuthekera kwa SWBA kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito muzochitika zambiri kuti apulumutse miyoyo yopulumutsa.
Zogulitsa zonse zomwe zawunikidwa zimawoneka zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati SWBA. Kaya opanga awo amawavomereza kuti agwiritse ntchito izi sizinafotokozedwe mu kafukufukuyu. Komabe, popeza zida zonse za eni ake zimapangidwira kuti zipulumuke, zitha kusinthidwanso kuti zikhale zoyenera kumadera amadzi osefukira. Zolepheretsa zofala kwambiri zinali kuthamanga kwa silinda kapena voliyumu, komanso kuwongolera pakamwa. Zida za pulagi mphuno za EBS nthawi zambiri sizinali zothandiza ndipo zidapangitsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito a SWBA akhale pachiwopsezo. Chilichonse chomwe chasankhidwa, payipi yoyenera iyenera kuperekedwa yomwe ingakhale yosiyana ndi kutalika kwake.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti palibe muyezo wa SWBA, ndipo miyezo yopangidwira EBS monga yothawa ndege si yoyenera madzi osefukira kapena ntchito yomwe SWBA ingagwire.
Makina okwera a SWBA adagwiritsidwa ntchito popeza ma EBS onse osakonzedwa analibe makina okwera omwe amapangira ma PFD, ngakhale phiri la Tiger Performance MOLLE linali lokwanira pang'ono. Kuti kuwunika kupitirire, mwiniwakeyo SWBA mounting system idagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kubwezeretsanso ma silinda a mpweya nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosavuta, kupereka doko lodzaza sikunali kofunikira hex kapena mtundu wina wa kiyi. Ndi ma silinda a mpweya ophatikizika omwe akukhala ofala kwambiri pakuzimitsa moto, masilindala 300 ndi ma compressor ndiofala pomwe masilinda osambira osangalalira amakhala ochepa pa 207 bar. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali mwayi waukulu kuti mabungwe ozimitsa moto ndi opulumutsira ali ndi mphamvu zowonongeka kuchokera ku ma cylinders awo apamwamba a SCBA kupita ku EBS yothamanga kwambiri monga yopangidwa ndi Tiger Performance ndi Aqua-Lung. Kapenanso, voliyumu yayikulu ya carbon fiber 300 bar cylinders angagwiritsidwenso ntchito decant kuchokera.
M'mayiko ena monga New Zealand, ngakhale kuchotsedwa kumafuna chiphaso chapadera monga kutsimikiziridwa ngati "Zodzaza Zovomerezeka”. Zofunikira pakuwongolera kwa SWBA zitha kupitilira kuyitanitsa silinda ya mpweya koma kwa woyendetsa kapena wophunzitsa. Mwachitsanzo, ku New Zealand alangizi (osati ophunzira kapena ogwira ntchito) a SWBA akuyenera kukhala ndi a Satifiketi Yaluso ngati Diver Ogwira Ntchito (General), kutanthauza kuti ayenera kuchita mayeso azachipatala, kukhala akhalidwe labwino, ndikukhala ndi satifiketi yodziwika ya Rescue Diver (mwachitsanzo, PADI, SSI, NAUI ndi zina). Izi zikuwonetsa kuti mabungwe omwe akuganizira kugwiritsa ntchito SWBA akuyenera kuonetsetsa kuti akutsata malamulo awo ndikupempha upangiri wazamalamulo asanagwiritse ntchito kuti awonetsetse kuti akutsatiridwa.
Mu Upangiri Wabwino Wogwiritsa Ntchito - Zida Zopumira Madzi Othamanga, ogwira ntchito ayenera kutsimikiziridwa. Chitsimikizo chogwiritsa ntchito SWBA pansi pa Upangiri chimafuna kukwaniritsidwa kwa a zosangalatsa zosambira zachipatala, kutsimikizira kwa katswiri wodziwika bwino wopulumutsa madzi (IPSQA, NFPA, DEFRA, Rescue 3, PUASAR002 etc) ndi Level 1 Supervised Diver (ISO 24801-1) zidziwitso ndikupambana mayeso kutsatira SWBA yotsimikizika pa intaneti. Kuchita SWBA popanda kuphunzitsidwa ndi/kapena chiphaso kungayambitse kuvulala koopsa kapena imfa.
Kuzindikira kwa SWBA ndi munthu yemwe wangomaliza maphunziro a pa intaneti okha ndipo sayenera kuonedwa kuti ndi woyenera kugwiritsa ntchito SWBA.
Wothandizira SWBA ndi munthu yemwe wamaliza katswiri wopulumutsa madzi osefukira komanso satifiketi ya diver, ndipo wamaliza kuphunzira pa intaneti ndi kufufuza.
Katswiri wa SWBA ndi wogwira ntchito yemwe amaphunzira maphunziro ovomerezeka omwe amaphatikizapo kufufuza luso ndi mlangizi wovomerezeka.
Mphunzitsi wa SWBA ndi katswiri yemwe alinso woyenerera kuphunzitsa akatswiri a SWBA.
Pomaliza, kuthekera kwa SWBA kusinthiratu ntchito zopulumutsa madzi sikungatsutsidwe. Komabe, kukhazikitsidwa kwake kumafuna kuganizira mozama za malamulo ndi ntchito. Pamene tikupita patsogolo, pali mwayi wopanga zinthu za SWBA zoyenera kuchita ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ogwiritsira ntchito akuphunzitsidwa mokwanira ndi kutsimikiziridwa. Ndi njirazi zomwe zakhazikitsidwa, SWBA ikhoza kukhala yosintha masewera omwe takhala tikuyang'ana populumutsa madzi osefukira.
Ngati ndinu katswiri wodziwa ntchito zamadzi osefukira omwe ali ndi chiphaso cha diver, yambitsani certification ya SWBA yanu tsopano ndi maphunziro athu apa intaneti a mphindi 90.
Tsitsani Phukusi lathu la Instructor EOI: Momwe mungakhalire ndi SWBA Instructor Course ndi kutithandiza kusintha chitetezo cha madzi osefukira opulumutsa.
Ngati muli ndi ziyeneretso za Swiftwater Instructor ndi Rescue Diver, ndipo mukufuna kukhala wovomerezeka wa SWBA Mlangizi/wophunzitsa kapena ndikufuna Maphunziro othandiza a SWBA a bungwe lanu, chonde dziwani info@publicsafety.institute kuti mudziwe zambiri. Tithanso kupereka ziphaso za SWBA ngati gawo lathu Swiftwater Scholar pulogalamu.
Olembawo akufuna kuthokoza alangizi anzawo a madzi osefukira omwe adathandizira kuyeserera ndikuyankha pakuyesa, kuphatikiza Mike Mather ndi Mike Harvey. Zikomo kwambiri Madokotala a Dive, Dive HQ Wellington omwe adapereka chithandizo chaukadaulo ndi Vector Wero whitewater park kuti agwiritse ntchito malo awo. EBS ndi zowonjezera zidagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kafukufukuyu, koma popanda mgwirizano wopanga zidafunidwa kapena kulandiridwa.
Dr Steve Glassey PhD yakhala ikuphunzitsa kupulumutsa madzi osefukira kwa zaka makumi awiri, ndi wowunika wolembetsa International Public Safety Qualifications Authority (IPSQA) yopulumutsa madzi osefukira, WorkSafe New Zealand Certified Occupational Diver, Fellow of the Institute for Search & Technical Rescue ndipo ndi PADI Public Safety Diver™.
Bambo Geoff Bray ndi Commercial Dive Supervisor mkati mwazamalamulo aboma ku New Zealand. Wamaliza maphunziro a ADAS Dive Supervisor ndi Royal NZ Navy Diver komanso ndi mlangizi wodziwa kupulumutsa madzi osefukira padziko lonse lapansi.
Contact: steve.glassey@publicsafety.institute
Website: www.swba.tech
Nkhaniyi ndi copyright ndi Steve Glassey, 2023. Ufulu wonse ndi wotetezedwa.
SWBA imatetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cholembetsedwa ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi chilolezo.
1. National Fire Protection Association. (ndi). Akufa Ozimitsa Moto ku US Panthawi Yopulumutsa Madzi 1977-2020. NFPA Index 2976. Quincy, Massachusetts
