Izivivinyo eNew Zealand ziphothule ithuba le-Swiftwater Breathing Apparatus (SWBA) lokuguqula isimo sokuhlenga amanzi ezikhukhula namanzi.
Ngo-1942, u-Jacques-Yves Cousteau no-Émile Gagnan baklama i-Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (SCUBA) yokuqala ethembekile nephumelelayo kwezohwebo. I-Aqua-Lung. Ngo-1945, iScott Aviation yasebenza noMnyango Wezomlilo waseNew York ukuze sikhiphe ukwamukelwa kokuqala okwandile kwe-AirPac, I-Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) yokucisha umlilo.
Yize izindlela zokuhlenga amanzi asheshayo zaqala ukuvela ngeminyaka yawo-1970s, ukuncishiswa kwezingozi ezisongela ukuphepha kwabahlengikazi kugxile ekwakhiweni kwama-Personal Flotation Devices (PFDs). Kodwa-ke, ngisho nama-PFD anamandla kakhulu, ukuminza kungenzeka ngenxa yokufisa okuncane njengethisipuni lamanzi. Ukuphela kwendlela eqinisekile yokuvimbela ukuminza ukuvimbela ukulangazelela amanzi, futhi lokho kungenziwa kuphela ngokuvikela ukuphefumula. Ngokuqondene nokuvikelwa okunjalo, i-SCUBA ne-SCBA ngokuvamile zinkulu kakhulu futhi ziyasinda, okwenza ngokuvamile zingakufanelekeli ukuhlenga amanzi ngokushesha.
"Kubukeka sengathi kukhona ukuthakasela ukuthi iSilo sinamandla, kodwa amanye ama-Rescue PFD aseqina kakhulu kangangokuthi awukwazi ukugijima kuwo adala ingozi ngokwawo. Emanzini anomoya omncane usengakwazi ukucwila, njengasemgodini wegwebu - ngakho-ke ukugxila kufanele manje kusuke ekunyakazeni nje, kuye nasekukwazini ukuqhubeka nokuphefumula uma kucwiliswa noma kucwiliswe amanzi”.
Onyakeni odlule izivivinyo zenziwe yi-PSI Global eNew Zealand nase-United Arab Emirates ukuze kuphinde kusetshenziswe i-Emergency Breathing Systems (EBS) ngemisebenzi yokuhlenga amanzi asheshayo, eyaqanjwa ngokuthi “Swift Water Breathing Apparatus” noma i-SWBA. I-EBS izinhlelo ezincane ze-SCUBA ezisetshenziswa izisebenzi zezindiza ukuze zibaleke ezindizeni eziwele phansi emanzini. Zibuye zisetshenziswe ekuhambeni ngoseyili nakwezinye izimo zasolwandle ukubalekela imikhumbi ecwilayo noma eketuke.
Lesi sihloko sinikeza umbono omfishane wokusebenza kwamadivayisi e-EBS ahlukahlukene atholakala emakethe asetshenziswa esivivinyweni futhi inikeza ukucatshangelwa okungokomthetho nokusebenza kwabasebenza nge-SWBA.
Okokuqala, i-SWBA isebenza ngaphandle kwenhloso yokutshuza. I-SWBA ihlinzeka ngokuphefumula komoya okumbalwa okwengeziwe ukuze senze imisebenzi yezinga eliphezulu okungenzeka kube nzima ukuyenza ngaphandle kwalokho njengokusinda lapho sidlula isethi ende yama-rapids noma ukusinikeza isikhathi sokugxambukela esigxotsheni lapho sizama ukubalekela isiphithiphithi esibulalayo. wedamu elinekhanda eliphansi. I-SWBA ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukunciphisa ingozi yokuhogela kanye nokugwinya amanzi ezikhukhula angcolile.
Okwesibili, isetshenziswa njalo nge-Personal Floatation Device (PFD). Ikona ibekwe ngendlela yokuthi isuke endleleni, kodwa umqhubi angafinyelela ngokushesha emlonyeni ukuze anikeze umoya owuphefumulayo. Imaski yevolumu ephansi ifaneleka kakhulu uma usebenzisa i-SWBA njengoba imaski yevolumu ephezulu iba lula ukuyiqaqa noma ukuyikhipha lapho kunesiyaluyalu.
I-PSI Global ithuthukise i- Umhlahlandlela Wokuzijwayeza Okuhle: I-Swiftwater Breathing Apparatus ngokusekelwe ku Umhlahlandlela Wokuzilolonga Omuhle we-WorkSafe New Zealand Wokutshuza Emsebenzini kanye Ne-Snorkelling ukusiza ama-ejensi asebenzise i-SWBA ngokuphephile. Ngaphansi kwalo Mhlahlandlela, abaqhubi kufanele babambe ochwepheshe bokuhlenga amanzi ezikhukhula kanye nezitifiketi zokuzijabulisa ngaphambi kokuqeqeshwa nge-SWBA.
Ngesilinda somoya esingasindi esiphakathi kuka-300 no-500 mL (16 oz) umthamo wamanzi (ukugwema izimfuneko ezengeziwe zokulawula zokuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic eNew Zealand), i-SWBA kufanele igibele phakathi kwamahlombe angemuva ukuze inikeze ukufinyelela kalula futhi kunciphise ingozi yomonakalo. . Kwabatshuzi abaningi, lokhu kuzwakala njengesistimu yomoya engasebenzi (iponi ibhodlela). Umehluko nge-SWBA ukuthi ngokuvamile incane kakhulu ngevolumu futhi ingase yenziwe nge-carbon fiber (engafanele ukutshuza ngokujulile ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo nezinye izici).
Icala elisemthethweni lenziwa ngo I-Vector Wero i-whitewater park ngo-Okthoba 2023 isebenzisa i- HEED3, I-Tiger Performance EBS kanye nesethi ethuthukisiwe kusetshenziswa izingxenye zabakhiqizi abahlukahlukene okuhlanganisa i-Aqualung ABS Octopus. I Poseidon futhi Aqualung EBS wenze ukuhlolwa kwedeskithophu ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezitholakala esidlangalaleni kanye nokuxhumana nabasabalalisi babo. Ama-PFD amabili asetshenziswa kuwo wonke ama-EBS ezivivinyweni ayengama- I-NRS Rapid Rescuer futhi I-Force6 Rescue Ops amavesti.
Isilingo sethu sithole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-SWBA kuthuthukisa ukuzizwisa komsebenzisi kakhulu. Sagqoka i-SWBA ekuqaleni kwemisebenzi yosuku futhi sayigqoka ukuze sibone ukuthi yayisithikameza yini ukunyakaza kwethu futhi asitholanga ukuphazamiseka okunjalo.
Umkhuba omisiwe wokuba nomhlathi okhululekile obambe umlomo (isilawuli sesiteji sesi-2) ekujuleni kwe-SCUBA kwenze kube noshintsho oluncane ekuziphatheni nesidingo sokufaka ingcindezi eyengeziwe yokulunywa lapho udlula emigwaqeni kanye nama-hydraulic njengoba kungenjalo umlomo wawuthambekele ekukhishweni amanzi anyakazayo. Kuthathe okokuzithokozisa okukodwa kuphela ukukhuthaza ukwamukela ukuluma okuqinile ekuqhutshweni okulandelayo komzila wamanzi amhlophe. Amayunithi ngaphandle kwedivayisi ethuthukisiwe, anikezwe imizuzu engu-1-2 yomoya,
Isethi ethuthukisiwe isebenzise i-assortment yezingxenye ezivela kubahlinzeki abahlukene, kuhlanganise ne-reconditioned I-AquaLung ABS Octopus okuyinto ngokungafani nezinye izimbobo zomlomo isusiwe ngamadigri angu-120 epayipini elenze kube lula ukuligoqa nokuliphakela lapho lipakishwe ngaphambili kwe-PFD.
Sithole ukuthi kungaba usizo ukuba nesivikeli semikhono ukuze sisike kangcono ipayipi elicindezelayo eliphansi futhi sikugweme ukuthi libe yingozi ebambekayo uma ipayipi liqaqeka ngokungazi lisuka phambi kwe-PFD. Umkhono ungasiza futhi ekubuyiseleni isilawuli sesiteji sesi-2 uma kwenzeka wehliswa noma ukhishwa emlonyeni.
Ubukhulu bangaphambili bawo womabili ama-PFD buqinisekise ukuthi i-valve yokuhlanza ngokuvamile ivikelwe kahle ekusebenzeni okungafunwa njengalapho iphuma kuqala esifubeni samanzi. Ngemaski yevolumu ephansi esetshenziswe ngokuhambisana, yenze ukusebenza emanzini amhlophe ayinselele kwaba ukuzithokozisa okuphumuzayo ngisho nasendaweni. Impophoma yekilasi V. Nokho lokhu kuyingozi ye-SWBA, ngoba ingase idale ukuthembela ngokweqile nokwethenjwa komsebenzisi, nokho siyaqiniseka ukuthi lokhu kwakuwukugxeka okufanayo kwe-AirPac ngenkathi yethulwa cishe eminyakeni engu-80 edlule.
I-SWBA iphinde yahlolwa ngemiphumela ejabulisa kakhulu ehamba ngaphansi kwempophoma Yekilasi V
Ekubuyekezeni idatha enikezwe i-National Fire Protection Association [1], iningi labantu abashonile abacisha umlilo elihlobene namanzi lalihlotshaniswa nokuhlenga noma ukusiza abanye. Okunye okwakubalulekile ukufa okubandakanya ukuwa eqhweni kanye nokungena izimoto zimuka namanzi ezikhukhula, egqamisa amandla okuthi i-SWBA isetshenziswe kumongo obanzi ukuze kusindiswe izimpilo zabahlengi.
Yonke imikhiqizo ehloliwe ibonakala ilungele ukusetshenziswa njenge-SWBA. Ukuthi abakhiqizi bazo bayayigunyaza yini ukuthi isetshenziswe akufakiwe kulolu cwaningo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba zonke izisetshenziswa zobunikazi zenzelwe izinjongo zokubalekela, zingabuye zilungiswe ukuze zifaneleke kakhulu ezindaweni zamanzi ezikhukhula. Ukulinganiselwa okuvame kakhulu kwakuwukucindezela kwesilinda noma ivolumu, nokuma komlomo. Izici zepulagi yekhala le-EBS ngokuvamile bezingelona usizo futhi zidale ubungozi bokuthandela abasebenzisi be-SWBA. Noma ngabe yimuphi umkhiqizo okhethiwe, ubude obufanelekile bepayipi kufanele buhlinzekwe obungase buhluke kunobude obumisiwe.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ayikho indinganiso ye-SWBA, futhi izindinganiso ezenzelwe i-EBS ezifana nalezo zokuphunyuka ezindizeni aziwafanele amanzi ezikhukhula noma umsebenzi ongadlalwa yi-SWBA.
Isistimu yokukhweza ye-SWBA yasetshenziswa njengoba yonke i-EBS engathuthukisiwe yayingenazo izinhlelo zokukhweza ezihloselwe ama-PFD, nakuba ukukhweza kwe-Tiger Performance MOLLE kunokufaneleka okulinganiselwe. Ukuvumela ukuhlola ukuthi kuqhubeke, umnikazi Isistimu yokukhweza ye-SWBA kwasetshenziswa.
Ukushaja kabusha amasilinda omoya ngokuvamile kulula, ukuhlinzeka ngembobo yokugcwalisa kwakungadingi i-hex noma olunye uhlobo lokhiye. Njengoba amasilinda omoya ayinhlanganisela ye-fiber evame kakhulu ekucimeni umlilo, amasilinda amabha angama-300 kanye nama-compressor ajwayelekile kanti amasilinda okuntywila okuzijabulisa ngokuvamile akhawulelwe kumabha angama-207. Lokhu kusho ukuthi maningi amathuba okuthi izikhungo zomlilo nezokutakula zikwazi ke ukunqamula amasilinda awo e-SCBA anengcindezi ephezulu aye ku-EBS enomfutho ophezulu njengalawo enziwe i-Tiger Performance ne-Aqua-Lung. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ivolumu enkulu carbon fibre 300 bar amasilinda ingasetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa kusuka futhi.
Kwamanye amazwe anjenge-New Zealand, ngisho nokukhishwa kwe-decant kudinga isitifiketi esikhethekile esifana nokugunyazwa njenge- “Isigcwalisi Esigunyaziwe”. Izidingo zokulawula ze-SWBA zingadlulela ngalé kokushajwa kabusha isilinda somoya kodwa ziye ezidingweni zomsebenzisi noma zomfundisi. Isibonelo, eNew Zealand othisha (hhayi abafundi noma opharetha) be-SWBA kudingeka babambe a Isitifiketi Sokukwazi NjengoMtshuzi Womsebenzi (Okuvamile), okusho ukuthi kufanele baphumelele ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwe-dive, babe nesimilo esihle, futhi babe nesitifiketi esiqashelwayo se-Rescue Diver (okungukuthi, i-PADI, i-SSI, i-NAUI njll). Lokhu kugqamisa, ukuthi ama-ejensi acabangela ukusetshenziswa kwe-SWBA kufanele azenzele owawo amandla futhi afune iseluleko sezomthetho ngaphambi kokuqaliswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho yendawo.
Ngaphansi Umhlahlandlela Wokuzijwayeza Okuhle - I-Swift Water Breathing Apparatus, abaqhubi kufanele baqinisekiswe. Ukuthola isitifiketi sokusebenzisa i-SWBA ngaphansi koMhlahlandlela kudinga ukuthi kugcwaliswe a ukuzithokozisa dive medical, ukuqinisekiswa kukachwepheshe owaziwayo wokuhlenga amanzi asheshayo (IPSQA, NFPA, DEFRA, Rescue 3, PUASAR002 njll) kanye ne-Level 1 Supervised Diver (ISO 24801-1) izicucu kanye nokuphasa ukuhlolwa kulandela Isifundo se-inthanethi se-SWBA esiqinisekisiwe. Ukusebenzisa i-SWBA ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa kanye/noma ukuthola isitifiketi kungase kuholele ekulimaleni okubi kakhulu noma ekufeni.
Ukuqwashisa nge-SWBA ungumuntu oqedele imojuli yethiyori eku-inthanethi kuphela futhi akumele athathwe njengokufanelekele ukusebenzisa i-SWBA.
I-SWBA Operator ungumuntu oqedele uchwepheshe wokuhlenga amanzi ezikhukhula kanye nesitifiketi se-diver, futhi useqedile ukufunda online nokuhlolwa.
Uchwepheshe we-SWBA ungumsebenzisi obese wenza ukuqeqeshwa okusebenzayo okugunyaziwe okuhlanganisa nokuhlolwa kwamakhono nomfundisi ogunyaziwe.
Umfundisi we-SWBA unguchwepheshe futhi ofanelekela ukufundisa uchwepheshe be-SWBA.
Sengiphetha, amandla e-SWBA okuguqula imisebenzi yokuhlenga amanzi awanakuphikwa. Nokho, ukuqaliswa kwayo kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwezici ezingokomthetho nezokusebenza. Njengoba siqhubekela phambili, kunethuba lokuthuthukisa imikhiqizo ye-SWBA efanelekela inhloso futhi siqinisekise ukuthi abaqhubi baqeqeshwe ngokwanele futhi banikezwe izitifiketi. Njengoba lezi zinyathelo sezikhona, i-SWBA ingaba inguquko-midlalo ebesiyifuna emisebenzini yokuhlenga amanzi ezikhukhula.
Uma usuvele unguchwepheshe wamanzi ezikhukhula ophethe isitifiketi sokutshuza, qala isitifiketi sakho sika-opharetha we-SWBA manje ngesifundo sethu se-inthanethi semizuzu engama-90.
Landa i-Instructor EOI Pack yethu: Indlela Yokusingatha Isifundo Sokufundisa se-SWBA futhi usisize siguqule ukuphepha komhlengi wamanzi ezikhukhula.
Uma usuvele uneziqu ze-Swiftwater Instructor kanye ne-Rescue Diver, futhi unentshisekelo kukho ube ngumqeqeshi/umhlinzeki wokuqeqesha ogunyaziwe we-SWBA noma ufuna Ukuqeqeshwa okusebenzayo kwe-SWBA kwe-ejensi yakho, ngicela uxhumane info@publicsafety.institute ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe. Futhi singahlinzeka ngesitifiketi se-SWBA njengengxenye yethu I-Swiftwater Scholar Uhlelo.
Ababhali futhi bafisa ukubonga abanye abafundisi bamanzi ezikhukhula abasize ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa futhi banikeze impendulo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, okuhlanganisa UMike Mather kanye noMike Harvey. Ngiyabonga ku Dive Odokotela, Dive HQ Wellington abanikeze usizo lwezobuchwepheshe kanye I-Vector Wero i-whitewater park ukuze basebenzise izinsiza zabo. I-EBS kanye nezinsiza kusetshenziswe kulolu cwaningo, kodwa ngaphandle kokubambisana nomkhiqizi okufunwa noma kwamukelwe.
UDkt Steve Glassey I-PhD isifundise ukuhlenga amanzi ezikhukhula iminyaka engamashumi amabili, ingumhloli obhalisiwe we I-International Public Safety Qualifications Authority (I-IPSQA) yokuhlenga amanzi ezikhukhula, i-WorkSafe New Zealand Certified Occupational Diver, Umuntu We-Institute for Search & Technical Rescue futhi iyi-PADI Public Safety Diver™.
UMnu Geoff Bray uyi-Commercial Dive Supervisor ngaphakathi kwemithetho kahulumeni eNew Zealand. Uqedele izifundo ze-ADAS Dive Supervisor kanye neRoyal NZ Navy Diver futhi ungumfundisi onolwazi noqeqeshelwe umhlaba wonke wokuhlenga amanzi ezikhukhula.
Contact: steve.glassey@publicsafety.institute
Iwebhusayithi: www.swba.tech
Lesi sihloko siyi-copyright ka-Steve Glassey, 2023. Wonke amalungelo agodliwe.
I-SWBA ivikelwe wuphawu lokuhweba olubhalisiwe futhi ingasetshenziswa ngemvume kuphela.
1. Inhlangano Kazwelonke Yokuvikela Umlilo. (nd). Ukufa Kwezicishamlilo zase-US Ngesikhathi Sokuhlenga Amanzi 1977-2020. NFPA Inkomba 2976. Quincy, Massachusetts
