Mai zuwa shine babi na Gudanar da Bala'i na Dabbobi (Ch. 25) na ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙasashen duniya Steve Glassey, daga Littafin Jagora akan Jindadin Dabbobi (2022). Wannan budewar shiga Akwai kuma babin littafin don saukewa.
Yi amfani da maɓallin fassara a saman kusurwar dama don dubawa cikin harsuna sama da 60.
Nasihar littafin littafi na wannan babin littafi:
Glassey, S. (2022). Gudanar da Bala'i na Dabbobi. A cikin A. Knight, C. Phillips, & P. Sparks (Eds.), Littafin Jagora akan Jindadin Dabbobi (fitowa ta farko, shafi na 1-336). doi.org/350/10.4324
Gobarar Baƙar fata ta Australiya ta 2019-2020 wacce ta lalata dabbobi sama da biliyan uku (Asusun namun daji na Duniya, 2020) ya zama abin tunatarwa mai tsauri game da hatsarori da mu mutane suka zaɓa don ƙirƙirar. Bala'i ba na halitta ba ne, kuma ba al'amari ba ne. Tsari ne da mutane ke ƙerawa da aiwatar da su da zaɓin su (Kelman, 2020, shafi 15). Ma'anar abin da ke haifar da bala'i kuma yakan zama ɗan adam kuma sun kasa gane dabbobi a cikin kalmominsu, galibi suna mayar da irin waɗannan halittu kamar tasirin muhalli ko asarar dukiya. Mutane suna ƙara zama cikin haɗari daga haɗarin yanayi kamar ambaliyar ruwa, hadari, fari, da gobara, kuma wannan haɓaka yana da alaƙa da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaura, haɓakar yawan jama'a, da sauyin yanayi (Haddow et al., 2017). Dabbobi, duk da haka, suna ƙara zama masu haɗari ga waɗannan haɗari, kuma ta hanyar haɓaka aikin gona, asarar muhalli, da gazawar kayayyakin kiwon lafiyar dabbobi kuma duk sakamakon ayyukan ɗan adam. Mutane ne kawai duk da cewa suna da tasiri daban-daban, iko, da albarkatu waɗanda zasu iya rage waɗannan haɗarin. Wannan rashin daidaituwar iko ya ɗora wa ’yan Adam hakkin ɗabi’a su yi aiki don kare dabbobi daga illolin bala’o’i da suka halitta.
Ko da yake a wasu lokuta mutane na amfani da su ta hanyar musanyawa, gaggawa da bala'o'i sun bambanta. Gaggawa wani lamari ne da ke barazana ga rayuwa ko dukiya, yayin da bala'i lamari ne na gaggawa wanda ya wuce ƙarfin da ake da shi kuma yana buƙatar taimako daga waje. Don kauce wa rikicewa tare da maganin gaggawa na dabbobi, ana iya fahimtar kulawa da bala'in dabba a cikin sauƙi lokacin da ke tattare da yawan masu sauraro daga likitocin dabbobi zuwa masu kula da bala'i. Manufar kula da bala'in dabba shine ƙirƙirar al'ummomin da suka haɗa da dabba, da juriya.
Ɗaya daga cikin misalan farko na kāriyar dabbobi daga bala’i za a iya samu a cikin labarin Littafi Mai Tsarki na Rigyawar Nuhu, inda Allah ya cece Nuhu da iyalinsa daga bala’in ambaliya bayan da aka umurce shi da su gina jirgi don gina kansu da biyu daga cikin kowane. irin dabba (New International Version 2011, Farawa 7) .Ko da yake kimiyya da addini ba za su amince da wanzuwar irin wannan Akwatin ba, amma muhimmancin al'adun da ba na ɗan adam ba ya zama muhimmi ga wanzuwar rayuwar ɗan adam a cikin matani na addini bai kamata ya kasance ba. rashin kula.
An kiyasta cewa fiye da dabbobi miliyan 40 suna fuskantar bala'i a kowace shekara, tare da wannan adadin yana karuwa a cikin Anthropocene (Sawyer da Huertas, 2018, shafi na 2). Duk da haka, asalin kula da bala'in dabbobi a zamanin yau ya samo asali ne saboda darussa da gyare-gyaren da suka biyo bayan guguwar Katrina. A watan Agustan 2005, guguwar Katrina ta afkawa gabar Tekun Fasha na Amurka. A cikin tashinta, ta yi barna da dalar Amurka biliyan 110 sannan mutane 1,836 suka mutu, wanda ya zama bala'i na uku mafi muni a tarihin Amurka. Wannan bala'i ya kuma nuna mahimmancin kulawar gaggawa na dabbobi, tare da dabbobi sama da 50,000 da aka bari a baya yayin da aka kwashe daga New Orleans, kuma 80-90% na waɗannan dabbobin suna halaka. Abin da ake sa ran zai ƙare a cikin 'yan kwanaki ya zama bala'i kuma ya haifar da aikin ceton dabbobi mafi girma a tarihin Amurka - wani aiki da ya ceci dabbobi kusan 15,000, wanda wasu masu aikin sa kai 5,000 suka goyi bayan. Kafin 2005, manufar Hukumar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa ta Tarayya (FEMA) ce ya kamata a bar dabbobi a baya yayin ƙaura. Yanzu an canza wannan gaba ɗaya tare da ƙaddamar da Dokar Kaucewa Dabbobin Dabbobi & Ka'idodin Sufuri (PETS). Abinda ya fi tursasawa jami'an tsaron jama'a suyi koyi daga Hurricane Katrina shine kusan 44% na mutanen da ba su tashi ba sun zauna, aƙalla a wani ɓangare, saboda ba sa so su bar dabbobinsu a baya (Fritz Institute, 2006). Lalle ne, Heath and Linnabary (2015) ya ƙarfafa wannan binciken yana mai cewa:
Babu wani abu da ke ba da gudummawa mai yawa ga gazawar fitarwar ɗan adam a cikin bala'o'i waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin kulawar kulawar gaggawa lokacin da barazanar ke gabatowa kamar mallakar dabbobi. Manajojin gaggawa na iya yin amfani da damar haɗin da mutane ke da shi da dabbobinsu don haifar da halayen da suka dace a tsakanin masu dabbobi a cikin bala'i.
Dangantakar ɗan adam da dabba ta kasance farkon abin da aka fi mayar da hankali kan sarrafa bala'in dabbobi, galibi suna amfani da kyawawan rubuce-rubucen abubuwan da mutane ke jefa kansu cikin haɗari ga dabbobi, a matsayin hanyar magance matsalolin jin daɗin dabbobi ta hanyar 'ceton rayukan dabbobi, yana ceton ɗan adam. rayuwa'. Kuma wannan shi ne ainihin gaskiya ga abokan hulɗa da dabbobin hidima waɗanda suka fi amfana ta fuskar sauye-sauyen tsari don kare su daga illolin bala'i, duk da kasancewarsu mafi ƙarancin rauni, ganin cewa kulawar ɗan adam yana ba su kariya. Dabbobin ne da ba su da, ko kuma ba su da ɗanɗano, ɗan adam-dabbobi, kamar namun daji da waɗanda ake amfani da su don cinyewa, waɗanda ake ba su mafi ƙarancin matakan kariya, wanda ke sa su zama masu rauni ga tasirin bala'i. Al’umma gabaɗaya gabaɗaya suna daraja dabbobi ta hanyar tsarin sociozoologic, wanda ke rarraba dabbobi a cikin tsarin ma’ana wanda ke ba su damar ayyana, ƙarfafawa, da tabbatar da mu’amalarsu da sauran halittu (Irvine, 2009,
Wannan ginin ma'aunin sociozoological yana ba da ƙarin nauyi ga fahimtar cewa bala'i ba na halitta ba ne; mutane suna bayyana su, suna tantance nau'in nau'in dabbar da ba su da mahimmanci fiye da sauran, don haka ya sa wasu dabbobin sun fi wasu rauni. Mutane ne ke da alhakin sanya dabbobi cikin haɗari ga bala'i, amma ba kamar mutane ba, sau da yawa dabbobi ba su da zabi a cikin gine-gine ko fallasa mummunan rauni. Wannan raunin na iya ƙara tsanantawa ta rashin ƙarfi na dabba – kayan aikin kiwon lafiya wanda ake ɗaukarsa a matsayin tushen tushen bala'in dabbobin abokantaka (Heath and Linnabary, 2015), tare da ɗimbin sauran hadaddun. matsaloli masu tsanani a cikin manufofin jama'a da mahallin tsarawa (Glassey, 2020a). Ko da matsayin shari'a na dabbobi na iya ba da gudummawa don ƙara haɗarin su ga sakamakon bala'i. An yi la'akari da su azaman dukiya, ana sanya dabbobi "ƙananan doka ga mutane" sabili da haka "yawanci ana ba da fifiko kaɗan a cikin shirye-shiryen mayar da martani na gaggawa" (Best, 2021) .Gaskiyar dokokin bala'in dabba shine cewa ba safai ba su da alaƙa da jin daɗi ko jin daɗin rayuwa. na dabbobi; Direbobin irin waɗannan dokoki sun fi mayar da hankali kan kare mutane ta hanyar inganta ƙaurawar mutane da kuma hana mutane komawa cikin yankunan da ke da haɗari don ceton dabbobi, musamman dabbobin abokan hulɗa.
Ganin irin tasirin da lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli ke taso daga dabbobin da bala'o'i da gaggawa suka shafa, daɗaɗɗen magana game da "Gudanar da kula da lafiyar dabbobi" da wasu gwamnatoci suka yi a cikin shirinsu na gaggawa ya kasa fahimtar waɗannan alaƙa kuma ba ta da fa'ida don yin dabbobi. a matsayin fifiko a rage haɗarin bala'i, a cikin yanayin Lafiya ɗaya ko Jindadi ɗaya.
A cikin sana'ar kula da gaggawa (wanda aka fi sani da bala'i), ana ɗaukar tsarin rayuwa don rage haɗari, shirya don tasirin abubuwan da suka rage (sauran hadarin bayan an yi amfani da matakan ragewa), amsa ga bala'i don kare rayuwa. da dukiya, da tallafawa al'ummomin da abin ya shafa don farfadowa. Waɗannan yawanci ana san su azaman matakai huɗu na ingantaccen sarrafa bala'i (Haddow, 2011, shafi na 9), kodayake wasu ƙasashe kamar New Zealand suna magana akan waɗannan matakan azaman Ragewa, Shiryewa, Amsa, da Farfaɗo bi da bi (Glassey da Thompson, 2020) .
A cikin yanayin kula da bala'in dabbobi, tsarin rigakafin ya haɗa da kawar da haɗari ko rage shi zuwa matakin da aka yarda, kamar hana aikin noma mai ƙarfi ko aƙalla rage haɗarin da ke tattare da shi, kamar rashin gina wuraren zama na dabbobi a filayen ambaliya. Sauran matakan sassautawa sun haɗa da shingen shinge na shinge na dabbobi a yankuna masu saurin girgizar ƙasa (kamar New Zealand), da shigar da tsarin kashe gobara da samar da ruwa don kashe gobara, kaɗan kaɗan. Koyaya, sau da yawa ana samun raguwar haɗarin duk da waɗannan jiyya ana amfani da su, don haka ana buƙatar shirya abubuwan haɗarin.
Ayyukan rigakafin na iya kaiwa ga zartar da dokoki don samar da kariya ga dabbobi don gujewa fuskantar haɗarin bala'i tun farko. A Texas, ƙarƙashin Sashe na 821.077 na Kundin Lafiya da Tsaro, haramun ne a hana kare a waje kuma ba a kula da shi ba yayin matsanancin yanayi ko lokacin da aka ba da irin wannan faɗakarwar yanayi mai alaƙa (Jihar Texas, 2007). Kodayake dabbobin abokantaka ba su da rauni fiye da dabbobin da ake samarwa, karnuka da kuliyoyi sukan sami babban matakan kariya na doka. Har ila yau, wannan yana nuna cewa da alama dabbobi suna da matsayi ta hanyar haɗin kai da mutane, maimakon ƙarancin raunin su kaɗai. Dabbobin da ake noma sosai kamar alade da kaji suna da matuƙar rauni ga illolin bala'i. Sau da yawa ana gina waɗannan wuraren a kan ƙasa mai nisa da haɗari, wanda ke sa ƙasar ba ta da tsada kuma don haka ana ganin ta fi riba don gudanar da kasuwanci. Ana iya amfani da ƙa'idodin gida don hana gini ko gudanar da manyan gonaki a filayen ambaliya, tare da kawar da haɗarin ambaliya ga waɗannan dabbobi. A cikin 1999, guguwar Floyd ta yi barna a sassan Arewacin Carolina. Kimanin kaji miliyan 2.8, aladu 30,500, shanu 2,000, da dawakai 250 sun nutse yayin wannan bala'i (Green, 2019, shafi na 2). A cikin girgizar kasa ta Canterbury ta 2020, sama da kaji 20,000 ne suka mutu ko kuma aka lalata su yayin da tsarin rumbun su ya ruguje (Glassey da Wilson, 2011).
Dabbobin dakin gwaje-gwaje ba safai ake la'akari da su a cikin kula da bala'i kuma akwai iyakataccen bincike a wannan yanki. Wadannan dabbobin suna tsare a cikin keji, galibi suna dogaro da abinci mai sarrafa kansa, shayarwa, da kula da muhalli don rayuwarsu, kuma idan waɗannan tsarin suka gaza, za a iya yin lahani ga jin daɗinsu sosai. A cikin 2006, wani janareta ya gaza a Jami'ar Ohio, kuma lokacin da aka dawo da wutar lantarki ya haifar da tsarin dumama kuma zazzabi ya kai 105ºF (40.5ºC). Kusan dabbobi 700 sun mutu (Irvine, 2009, shafi na 85). Ko da yake wasu masu kera na iya fahimtar matakan ragewa kamar kashe gobara ta atomatik, tsarin ajiyar iska da takalmin gyaran kafa na girgizar ƙasa ya yi tsada, rage haɗarin bala'i yana da ma'ana ta tattalin arziki. A cewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kowace dala da aka saka don rage haɗari da rigakafi na iya adana har dala 15 a cikin murmurewa bayan bala'i (Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Rage Hadarin Bala'i, 2020a).
Gidajen namun daji da aquaria suma bala'o'i sun yi tasiri kuma galibi ana yin watsi da su, tare da buƙatun shirye-shiryen gaggawa gabaɗaya sun mai da hankali kan asarar ɗaukar dabbobi masu haɗari da kuma kare jama'a, maimakon mummunan tasirin jin daɗin dabbobi ga dabbobin da suke garkuwa da su bala'in da zai iya haifar da bala'i. yi. A cikin 2002, gidan Zoo na Prague ya cika da ambaliya wanda ya kai ga kashe dabbobi sama da 150 (Irvine, 2009, shafi na 124), kuma a cikin lokacin bayan yakin Afghanistan na 2001, an bar dabbobin da ke gidan Zoo na Kabul ba tare da isasshen kulawa da kulawa ba. barin mutane da yawa su halaka daga yunwa da kuma yanayin yanayin hunturu masu zuwa (Sawyer da Huertas, 2018, shafi na 51).
Yayin da sojojin Amurka da na kawancen ke ficewa daga Afghanistan a watan Agustan 2021, Kabul, ciki har da gidan namun daji na birni, ya fada karkashin ikon 'yan Taliban. Gamayyar Asiya da Dabbobi (AFA) ta ba da rahoton cewa babu wata dabba da ta samu rauni kuma Taliban na tabbatar da cewa gidan zoo ya ci gaba da aiki kamar yadda aka saba (AFA, 2021). Ba a sani ba ko ci gaba da kare wadannan dabbobin namun daji ya kasance wani shiri na sane da Taliban ta yanke, ko ya zama darasi daga lokacin yakin 2001, ko ma wani bangare nasu. zukata da tunani yaƙin neman zaɓe don yin sabon salon mulki, wanda ya canza, kuma mafi ɗan adam. Haƙiƙa halin da dabbobi suka shiga lokacin janyewar Amurka ya ɗauki hankulan duniya tare da tayar da jijiyar wuya a lokacin da ake zargin sojojin Amirka sun bar karnukan da suka yi aikin soja, wanda daga baya aka gano ba daidai ba ne. Dabbobin da aka ɗauka a cikin akwatunan jirgin sama a filin jirgin saman Hamid Karzai a haƙiƙa karnuka ne daga Cibiyar Ceto Ƙananan Dabbobi na Kabul waɗanda ke fatan a kwashe waɗannan dabbobin da ma'aikatansu (DefenseOne, 2021). Har ila yau, martanin jama'a ya yi nasarar matsawa gwamnatin Burtaniya ta ba da izinin Pen Farthing - wani tsohon sojan ruwa na Burtaniya wanda ke gudanar da aikin ba da agajin dabbobi na Nowzad a Kabul - don kwashe karnuka da kuliyoyi da yawa zuwa Burtaniya a kan wani jirgin sama na sirri (Washington Post, 2021). Shugabannin gwamnati ciki har da Sakataren Tsaron Biritaniya Ben Wallace sun soki Farthing saboda zargin sa rayukan dabbobi a gaban mutane (Washington Post, 2021).
Lokacin da Aquarium na Amurka batar da madaidaicin janareta a lokacin Hurricane Katrina, sama da kifaye 10,000 sun shake (Irvine, 2009, shafi na 13). Samun abubuwan more rayuwa masu juriya shine mabuɗin don rayuwar dabbobin da aka kama waɗanda suka dogara da muhalli, ciyarwa da tsarin shayarwa mai sarrafa kansa. Hakazalika, a cikin girgizar kasa na Christchurch na 2011, Kudancin Experience Aquarium ya sami lalacewa maras kyau, kuma duk da kokarin ceton kifayen da ba a bayyana adadinsu ba an yi watsi da su saboda rashin ingancin ruwa da janareta ya gaza (Potts and Gadenne, 2014, p. 217).
Dabbobin da mutane ke son su tsira sun fi fuskantar bala'i kuma waɗanda ake fitarwa ta teku ba su da bambanci. A cikin 2019, mai ɗaukar dabbobi Sarauniya Hind kife da tumaki sama da 14,000 a cikin jirgin domin yanka. Yanayin da ke cikin jirgin kafin kifewar ya yi takura. Duk da ƙoƙarin ƙwararrun ceton dabbobi daga Paws Four da Ƙungiyar Ceto da Kula da Dabbobi (ARCA) na Romania, fiye da tumaki 13,820 sun nutse ko kuma suka mutu saboda kifewar. Daga baya an gano cewa jirgin yana da benaye na sirri da za su taimaka wajen yin lodi fiye da kima, kuma hakan ya shafi zaman lafiyar jirgin (Zee, 2021). Haramcin fitar da kai kai tsaye zai hana wannan bala'i da ɗan adam ya haifar.
A matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin PPRR, shirye-shiryen bala'i a cikin lokacin shirye-shiryen yana ba da dama don inganta tasirin mayar da martani don kare rayuka da dukiya, da kuma rage tasiri a kan al'ummomi a karkashin tsarin da aka riga aka amince da shi, wanda ke nufin samar da bayyananniyar rawa a tsakanin kungiyoyi. Malaman gargajiya irin su Auf der Heide (1989) suna haɓaka ƙa'idar da ya kamata a dogara da tsare-tsaren gaggawa watakila, ba daidai halaye. Daga yanayin sabis na gaggawa na al'ada, za a gani kamar daidai cewa, idan aka ce mutane su yi hijira su bar dabbobin abokansu a baya, za su yi haka bisa ga ka'ida. Duk da haka, yana da ƙari watakila cewa masu kula da waɗannan dabbobin idan aka fuskanci ƙaura za su iya ƙin ƙaura sai dai idan za su iya ɗaukar dabbobinsu, kamar yadda aka fuskanta a Hurricane Katrina (Irvine, 2009) da kuma bala'o'i irin na Fukushima da ya faru da makaman nukiliya bayan girgizar ƙasa da tsunami na 2011 na Japan (Kajiwara, 2020) ).
Haɓaka tsare-tsaren gaggawa na haɗakar dabba yana taimakawa wajen fayyace ayyuka da alhakin ƙungiyoyi yayin bala'i. Don kada a haifar da dogaro da rikitarwa da dabaru na ƙaura, yana da mahimmanci masu kula da dabbobi su ɗauki alhakin jin daɗinsu. Wannan nauyi sau da yawa ana sanya shi a cikin doka, kuma kamar yadda bala'o'i ba na halitta ba ne, wajibcin da ke kan irin waɗannan waliyyai ba lallai ba ne. A wasu ƙasashe ko jahohi, akwai ƙarin alhakin doka don tabbatar da amincin dabbobin da aka fallasa zuwa matsanancin yanayi (Glassey, 2018; 2019; 2020b).
Ko da yake akwai nau'o'i daban-daban da yawa, ƙa'idodin Shirin Gudanar da Gaggawa (EMAP) shine wanda ke da sauƙi don amfani da shirin bala'i na dabba a kowane matakai (na kasa, jiha, gida). Yin amfani da ma'aunin EMAP (2019) azaman maƙasudin, tsare-tsaren gudanarwa na gaggawa yakamata su haɗa da la'akari masu zuwa:
Baya ga ainihin ƙa'idodin da ke sama, takamaiman abubuwan la'akari da dabba yakamata su haɗa da:
Ko da yake wannan babi ba ya mayar da hankali kan kula da cututtukan dabbobi, nazarin tsare-tsare daga Littafin Kyakkyawan Ayyukan Gudanar da Gaggawa (GEMP) wanda Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (FAO) ta buga yana da shawarwari masu amfani, gami da bayar da shawarar cewa shirye-shiryen bala'i masu alaƙa da dabbobi su kasance. wani ɓangare na shirye-shiryen kula da bala'o'i na ƙasa da kuma samun damar samun damar tallafin gwamnati (2011, shafi na 18). Inda kasashe irin su Amurka suka zartar da Dokar PETS da ke ba da tallafin tarayya don ayyukan kula da gaggawa na abokan aiki da sabis, duk da rahotannin da aka gabatar wa Majalisar, gwamnatin New Zealand ta ci gaba da ware kula da bala'in dabbobi daga martanin bala'in bala'i na kasa da tallafin dawo da su. shirye-shirye (Glassey, 2019).
Ƙimar a cikin matakan tsarawa sau da yawa ba shine ƙarshen daftarin aiki ba, amma fiye da haka tsarin da ya kamata ya haɗa da masu ruwa da tsaki don haɓaka fahimtar hatsarori tare da yadda ya kamata a gudanar da amsa tare. Inda aka tsara tsare-tsare a keɓe yawanci suna ƙarewa azaman a akwatin ticking motsa jiki, wanda kuma aka sani da fama da "paper plan syndrome" (Auf der Heide, 1989).
Hanyoyin tsare-tsaren kula da bala'o'in dabbobi har yanzu suna cikin ƙuruciyarsu, ganin cewa a mafi yawan ɓangaren har sai an zartar da Dokar PETS ta Amurka a shekara ta 2006, akwai 'yan tsirarun direbobi masu kula da irin wannan shiri a duniya. Yawancin yunƙurin tsare-tsare sun mayar da hankali ne kan ɗaukar hanyoyin da suka shafi ɗan adam, wanda ke da ma'ana don dalilai na dacewa, inganci, da ba da halaccin ƙoƙarin. Duk da haka, irin waɗannan samfuran tsare-tsaren da aka karɓa an haɓaka su kuma an tsabtace su don nau'in nau'i ɗaya - mutane, ba tare da la'akari da sauran nau'in ba. Akwai kusan nau'ikan dabbobi 7,700,000 a duniya (Mora et al., 2011) kuma wannan nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in ɗan adam yana haifar da ƙarin ƙalubale ga masu tsara bala'in dabbobi, waɗanda galibi dole ne su haɓaka tsare-tsaren da zasu iya ɗaukar masu amfani da ƙarshen (kasancewar dabbobi), daga gram kaɗan zuwa ɗaruruwan kilogiram, waɗanda ba sa iya sadarwa kuma suna iya ɓoyewa, tserewa, ko kai hari. Zai zama kamar cewa taimakon ’yan Adam a cikin bala’i ya fi sauƙi idan aka kwatanta.
A cikin 2014, National Planning Principle for Animals in Bala'i (NPPAD) ya fito da Kwamitin Ba da Shawarar Dabbobi na Dabbobi a cikin Gaggawa da kuma amincewa da Kwamitin Gudanar da Gaggawa na New Zealand (Trigg et al., 2021) .NPPAD ya ba da ka'idoji 8 don tsarin tsarawa da ƙarin ka'idoji 16 da za a haɗa su cikin ainihin tsare-tsaren. A cikin 2020, an gano cewa a Ostiraliya akwai matsakaiciyar wayar da kan ka'idoji a cikin masu ruwa da tsaki, da ƙarancin aiwatar da ƙa'idodin (Trigg et al., 2021). Waɗannan ƙa'idodin - ko da yake an haɓaka su da farko a Ostiraliya - gabaɗaya suna aiki ga yawancin sauran ƙasashe kuma suna iya amfanar tsarin tsarawa.
Tsarin shirye-shiryen zai iya haɗawa da ƙirƙira da gwada shirye-shiryen gaggawa na wuraren gidaje na dabbobi, yaƙin neman zaɓe na ilimi na jama'a game da shirye-shiryen bala'in dabbobi, horar da dabbobi don sanin hanyoyin ƙaura da sufuri, aiwatar da kamfen ɗin microchipping, biyan kuɗi ga tsarin gargaɗin farko don ambaliya, gobara, da makamancin haka, da horarwa ga masu ba da amsa bala'i na dabbobi a cikin umarnin abin da ya faru, gobarar daji, da amincin ambaliya. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa lokacin da bala'i ya faru, mayar da martani don kare rayuka da dukiyoyi zai iya zama mafi tasiri, wanda zai iya haɗawa da wuraren ƙaura daga dabbobi, kiwon dabbobi na gaggawa, kula da bala'i na dabbobi, da ceton dabbobi.
Ilimi, horo, da motsa jiki suma suna da mahimmanci ga lokacin shiri. Yawan darussan kula da bala'in dabbobi da shirye-shiryen ilimi suna karuwa sannu a hankali. Rarraba bayanai da sadarwar yanar gizo suna ci gaba da taimakawa ci gaban wannan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙungiyoyi kamar National Alliance for Jiha da Shirye-shiryen Gaggawa na Aikin Noma (NASAAEP) (Green, 2019, shafi na 3) da taron Gudanar da Bala'i na Dabbobi na Duniya (GADMC) sun ba da mahimmanci. gudummawar don haɓaka al'ummomin da suka haɗa da dabbobi.
Mai dacewa da kewayon hanyoyin tsare-tsare da ake da su, Vieira da Anthony (2021) sun haɓaka manufofin kula da dabbobi guda shida masu da'a don yin la'akari yayin haɓaka tsare-tsare da manufofin sarrafa bala'i a cikin Anthropocene. Sun haɗa da (1) ceton rayuka da rage cutarwa; (2) kare jindadin dabbobi da mutunta abubuwan da dabbobi; (3) kiyayewa, ganewa, da haɓaka adalcin rarraba; (4) ciyar da jama'a gaba;
(5) ƙarfafa masu ba da kulawa, masu kulawa, masu mallaka, da membobin al'umma; (6) ƙarfafa lafiyar jama'a da ƙwararrun al'umma na dabbobi, gami da haɗa kai a cikin ƙungiyoyin koyarwa da yawa da aiwatar da ci gaban kimiyya. Masu dauke da makamai na NPPAD na Ostiraliya, ma'aunin EMAP da maƙasudin kulawa na ɗabi'a shida, masu tsara bala'in dabbobi yanzu suna da kayan aikin ƙirƙirar tsare-tsare masu inganci.
Ko da yake lokacin amsawa galibi shine mafi yawan jama'a, galibi shine mafi ƙarancin rayuwa. Tagar lokaci don ceton dabbobi kafin su mutu saboda raunuka, cututtuka, ƙishirwa, ko yunwa sau da yawa kadan ne kuma yana buƙatar shiga cikin gaggawa. A cikin aikin noma, ana jayayya cewa tabbatar da dabbobi na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako na jin dadin dabbobi, kamar yadda sau da yawa abin da ke haifar da biyan kuɗi shine mutuwar irin waɗannan dabbobi (Sawyer da Huertas, 2018). Daga nan sai ya zama abin sha'awa ga masu kula da dabbobi su bar su su halaka. Koyaya, sake dawo da garken bayan bala'o'i galibi ana samun rashin tasiri, wanda ke haifar da lahani ga tattalin arziƙi na dogon lokaci ga manoma, kuma akwai direba don ƙarfafa sa baki da wuri don kare hajojin tsira a matsayin mafi kyawun madadin (Sawyer da Huertas, 2018).
Misalin wannan sake dawo da rashin inganci ya faru a Myanmar a shekara ta 2008, biyo bayan guguwar Nargis, inda yankunan suka yi asarar bashin aiki da ke da matukar muhimmanci ga girbin shinkafa. Idan ba tare da waɗannan dabbobi ba ba za a iya samar da gurɓatacciyar ƙasa mai albarka ba, don haka an bullo da sabon baƙo mai aiki. Koyaya, wannan shirin maidowa ya gaza magance la'akari da lafiyar dabbobi da kyau kuma ya haifar da gabatar da sabbin cututtuka da ƙarin mace-mace na irin wannan haja (Sawyer da Huertas, 2018). "Tallafi mara kyau ga waɗannan dabbobin, sau da yawa sun yi aiki tukuru bayan bala'i, ko shirye-shiryen sake dawo da tsarin da ba a tsara ba zai iya haifar da mummunan yanayi da sauri" (Sawyer da Huertas, 2018, p. 7). Tun farkon 2000s taimakon jin kai da ƙwararrun likitocin dabbobi suka fara tunani sosai kan ko ayyukan da suka yi na kare dabbobin bayan bala'o'i na da tasiri. Wannan ya jagoranci Hukumar Ba da Agaji ta Abinci ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (FAO) da sauran kungiyoyi don haɓakawa da buga Jagoran Gaggawa na Dabbobin Dabbobi da Ka'idoji (LEGS, 2017) .Littafin LEGS yana ba da cikakkun bayanai da ka'idodin fasaha don haɓaka inganci da tasirin rayuwar dabbobi. ayyuka masu alaƙa a cikin yanayin jin kai (LEGS, 2014). Koyaya, LEGS na mai da hankali kan taimaka wa al'ummomi a cikin ƙasashe masu ƙarancin ci gaba kuma baya samar da ƙa'idodi don ayyukan bala'i da suka haɗa da sauran dabbobin da ba na dabbobi ba kamar dabbobin abokantaka.
Inda ake gudanar da aikin ceton dabbobi galibi ana samun rabuwa tsakanin ƙungiyoyin sha'awar dabbobi da ke gudanar da wannan aikin da kuma hukumomin ceto na ɗan adam. Yawancin lokaci waɗannan 'masu ceton dabbobi' ƙungiyoyi ne na kai tsaye ba tare da izini ba, horo ko kayan aiki da wannan soke doka na ceton dabbobi musamman yana hana waɗancan ƙwararrun ƙungiyar ceton bala'i na dabba waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin neman halaltacciyar amsawar bala'in dabba da ɗan adam (Glassey, 2021). An bayyana halaccin ceton dabba da:
Mafi kyawun martani daga ƙungiyoyin sha'awar dabbobi waɗanda ke ba da amsa don taimaka wa dabbobi a cikin gaggawa ko bala'i ta hanyar rashin tsaro ko doka, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama mafi wahala ga ƙungiyoyin ceton dabbobi na gaggawa don karɓu da kuma amfani da hukumomi da al'umma a nan gaba. shisshigi. (Glassey, 2021)
Baya ga yiwuwar jefa rayuwar ɗan adam cikin haɗari, ƙaddamarwa yana da mummunan tasiri ga jindadin dabbobi ta hanyar zubar da amana tsakanin al'ummar mayar da martani na dabba da ƙungiyoyin sabis na gaggawa. Daga ƙarshe, wannan asarar amana da amincewa na iya haifar da kariyar dabbobi a cikin bala'o'i ana ɗaukar su a matsayin cikas maimakon damar inganta lafiyar ɗan adam da dabbobi. Nazarin ya nuna cewa mutane suna sanya kansu cikin haɗari don buƙatun dabbobi, kamar keta igiyoyi don halartar dabbobinsu ko kuma kasa yin hijira idan ba za su iya ɗaukar dabbobinsu ba (Heath, 1999; Heath et al., 2001; Irvine). , 2009; Glassey, 2010; Potts da Gadenne, 2014; Heath da Linnabary, 2015; Taylor et al., 2015).
A lokacin gobarar daji a Ostiraliya a lokacin rani na 2019 da 2020, asarar dabbobi biliyan uku ya sami kulawar duniya, da kuma martani daga ƙungiyoyin sha'awar dabbobi na gida da na duniya. Irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin bisa ƙa'ida ko na yau da kullun suna bayyana a matsayin 'ceto dabba'; duk da haka, a cikin yanayin mayar da martani na bala'i, wannan yana da ruɗani da yaudara ga ƙungiyoyin sabis na gaggawa. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin suna amfani da kalmar 'ceto dabba' alhali yana iya zama mafi dacewa idan an yi amfani da 'kulawan dabbobi',' jindadin jama'a, ko 'rehoming'. Amfani da 'ceto dabba' yana lalata amincin ƙungiyoyin sabis na gaggawa waɗanda ke ceton dabbobi, kuma wasu na iya ɗaukar kalmar 'ceto' a matsayin ƙawa na iyawa.
Abin takaici, rashin tsarin kula da gaggawa na gaggawa na dabba yana haifar da ƙungiyoyi masu sha'awar dabba da ke amsa bala'i ba tare da izini mai dacewa ba, horo, ko kayan aiki, kamar yadda Glassey da Anderson (2019) suka gani a cikin Nelson, New Zealand gobarar 2019. Har da dabba. Ƙungiyoyin sha'awa waɗanda ke mai da hankali kan martanin bala'in dabbobi an sami suna so, kamar a lokacin gobarar daji na bazara inda bidiyon tallatawa ya nuna ma'aikatan da ke aiki da wuta da hayaƙi a kusa da su, kuma ba tare da kayan kariya na asali ba (Glassey, 2021). Sanya tufafin da ke hana wuta, takalman aminci, kwalkwali, tabarau, da safar hannu wani abu ne mai mahimmanci don yin aiki a filayen wuta, kamar yadda - ko da kwanaki da makonni bayan gobarar ta wuce - ciyayi da gobarar karkashin kasa sun zama ruwan dare, kuma suna haifar da haɗari ga ma'aikatan shiga ko fada cikin. Haɗarin faɗuwar rassa da bishiyu a lokacin gobara da bayan gobara yana da yawa kuma yana buƙatar sanya kwalkwali. Amfani da bidiyo ko hotuna da ke nuna ƙungiyoyin sha'awar dabba ba sa bin ƙa'idodin aminci na asali yana ba da izinin ceton dabba kuma yana rage matakin amincewa da amincin ƙungiyoyin sabis na gaggawa (Glassey, 2021).
Kashe haɗin yana haɓaka tare da ƙungiyoyin dabbobi suna tsara nasu ƙa'idodin horo, galibi hukumomin kiyaye lafiyar jama'a ba su gane su ba. A cikin ayyukan bincike da ceto na birane, alamun bincike na duniya da aka yarda da su da aka sanya a kan rugujewa ko lalacewa (kamar bin girgizar ƙasa) sun kasa haɗawa da ceton dabbobi, wanda ke haifar da rudani lokacin da ƙungiyoyin ceton dabbobi ke sanya alamun nasu (Glassey da Thompson, 2020).
Wani bangare na ƙaddamar da ceton dabba yana faruwa lokacin da ƙungiyoyin sha'awar dabba suka amsa ga gaggawa kuma suna da'awar batutuwan jindadin dabbobi da suka rigaya sun kasance kamar yadda abin ya faru, ko alaƙa da su. Wannan zai iya haɗawa da ɗaukar hotunan dabbobin da suka ɓace a cikin birni mai lalacewa da kuma nuna cewa dabbar tana buƙatar ceto, lokacin da, a wancan lokacin da kuma kafin bala'i, dabbar da ta ɓace; ko nuna karnukan da ba su da gidan kwana ko kuma an daure su da sarka sakamakon ambaliyar ruwa, lokacin da karnukan ke cikin wadannan yanayi kafin ambaliyar. Irin wannan ambaliya mai yiwuwa ya fallasa waɗannan raunin, amma mai yiwuwa ba shine ya haifar da irin waɗannan matsalolin jin daɗin dabbobi ba. An yi iƙirarin cewa rigakafin ya fi mayar da martani bayan aukuwar lamarin, kuma ƙungiyoyin sha'awar dabbobi da ke son rage raunin dabbobi ga bala'o'i na iya mai da hankali kan yunƙurin ragewa da ƙarfafa raunin lafiyar dabbobi don yin tasiri mai dorewa kan inganta jin daɗin dabbobi (Glassey, 2021). Inda aka kubutar da dabbobi daga yankin da bala'i ya shafa, idan ba a samu wani ma'aikaci ba, ana sanya dabbobin da abin ya shafa a wani wurin kwana na wucin gadi. Bala'i bisa ma'anarsa sun zarce ƙarfin gida, don haka sau da yawa kayan aiki na yau da kullun kamar wuraren kwana na dabbobi, matsuguni na ɗan adam, da fam na iya zama ba su samu ba saboda lalacewa ko wuce gona da iri, ba tare da ambaton cewa galibi waɗannan ƙungiyoyin na iya zuwa nasu ba. dabbobi da bala'i alhakin. Inda zai yiwu, ya kamata a yi amfani da wuraren da ake da su da masu ba da sabis saboda gabaɗaya suna ba da mafi girman matakan jindadin dabbobi zuwa na matsugunan wucin gadi, kuma amfani da su kuma yana ƙarfafa farfadowar tattalin arziki. Da yawa sun canza a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, tare da Amurka ta jagoranci sabbin hanyoyi da yawa don matsugunin dabbobin abokan hulɗa na gaggawa. Matsugunan Dabbobi kawai (AOS) sune wuraren da kulawar dabbobin ya faɗo ga ƙungiyar matsuguni. Dabbobi- Matsuguni kawai na iya dacewa a wasu yanayi, amma gabaɗaya ba su dawwama lokacin da ake buƙatar adadin masu kulawa, yana mai da wannan hanyar da wahalar haɓaka ga kowane bala'i mai faɗi. An kuma gano cewa wadannan matsugunan sun fi Co-Habitation Shelters (CHS) tsadar aiki sau 25 sannan kuma sun fi Co-Located Shelters (CLS) tsada (Strain, 2018). Yayin da ake raba dabbobi da masu kula da su a Matsugunan Dabbobi kawai, wannan na iya ƙara damuwa a cikin dabbar, wanda zai iya ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cuta. Inda dabbobin abokan zama suke tare, ana saukar da masu gudun hijira a wani gini kusa da inda dabbobin suke, da baiwa masu kulawa damar kula da dabbobinsu. Wannan yana ba da ma'anar yau da kullun da ma'anar manufa kuma yana ƙara lokacin hulɗar mai kula da dabba. Wani zaɓi - wanda kawai ke samun karɓuwa a cikin Amurka - shine zama tare, inda mutane da dabbobin abokansu ke zama a matsayin rukunin iyali guda. Wannan sau da yawa yana haifar da raguwar damuwa a cikin dabba da ɗan adam, kamar yadda dabbobin gida sukan samar da tsarin kula da yanayin zamantakewar al'umma da aka saba da su kuma dabbobi galibi sun fi zama da kwanciyar hankali. Rashin samar da matsugunin da ya dace da dabbobi yana haifar da ba kawai ga sakamakon jin daɗin jin daɗin dabbobi ba, har ma yana iya lalata lafiyar ɗan adam - musamman ga waɗanda ke da alaƙa da dabbobinsu. Wannan lamarin ya biyo bayan girgizar kasa na Japan na 2011, tsunami, da bala'in nukiliya, inda aka bar tsofaffi kawai ba su da wani zaɓi sai dai su kwana a cikin motocinsu kusa da wuraren da aka kwashe waɗanda ba su ba da izinin dabbobi ba, kawai don ware kansu, suna fama da hypothermia a cikin hunturu, kuma, a wani lokaci, Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) daga matsananciyar barci da yanayin zama (Kajiwara, 2020, p. 66). Yarda da cewa 'Ciyarwa a Wuri' na iya zama madadin matsugunin dabbobi na gaggawa a wasu yanayi, layin ƙasa shine cewa Matsuguni na Co-Habitated shine ma'aunin zinare (Green, 2019, p.
An danganta rashin jigilar dabbobi a matsayin abin da ke haifar da gazawar fitarwa (Heath, 1999, shafi na 209), musamman ga waɗanda ke da ƙananan dabbobi masu yawa. Yanzu al'ada ce ta gama gari ga ƙwararrun masu ba da agajin bala'i na dabbobi kamar Animal Evac New Zealand su shiga cikin wuraren da wataƙila ke buƙatar ƙaura ko ƙarƙashin sanarwar ƙaura da rarraba masu jigilar dabbobi don inganta ƙaura. Wannan yana haifar da ingantacciyar sakamakon lafiyar ɗan adam da dabba (Glassey da Anderson, 2019).
Lokacin da aka fuskanci buƙatar ƙaura, wasu gidaje na iya ma da gangan yin ƙaura don barin wani a baya don halartar dabbobinsu, yayin da ragowar hutun don aminci (Taylor et al., 2015). Inda aka bar dabbobi a baya a cikin wani yanki na bala'i da aka kora, da yawa sukan dawo don ceto ko halartar dabbobinsu, wanda zai iya jefa kansu ko masu kare lafiyar jama'a cikin haɗari, kamar yadda girgizar ƙasa ta Haiti ta 2010 (Sawyer da Huertas, 2018, shafi na 10) ), Girgizar ƙasa na Canterbury (Potts da Gadenne, 2014), da ambaliyar Edgecumbe (Glassey et al., 2020). Ya zama ruwan dare mutane su sanya kansu cikin kasada don kare dabbobinsu ko kuma su yi aiki da kariya, kamar a cikin matsalar karkatar da jirgin kasa na Weyauwega a shekarar 1996. Biyo bayan karkatar da titin jirgin da ke dauke da abubuwa masu hadari, daukacin garin na Wisconsin ya kunshi. An kwashe gidaje 1,022 cikin gaggawa. A cikin kwanaki biyu, masu dabbobi sun yi ƙoƙarin keta igiyar don ceto dabbobinsu. Masu takaici a kan 'madaidaicin dabbobi' sannan sun yi waya ta hanyar barazanar bam ga cibiyar ayyukan gaggawa. Wannan ya haifar da mummunar kulawar kafofin watsa labaru wanda ya sa Gwamnan Jihar ya umarci Jami'an Tsaro na kasa da su shiga da motoci masu sulke don taimakawa wajen ceto daruruwan dabbobin da aka bari a baya (Irvine, 2009, shafi na 38).
Asarar dabbobin abokantaka na musamman na iya yin illa ga lafiyar kwakwalwa. Hunt et al. (2008) ya gano cewa waɗanda suka tsira daga Hurricane Katrina sun kasance kamar yadda za su iya shan wahala daga rashin lafiyar dabba kamar yadda suke daga rasa gidansu. Har ila yau, bala'o'i na iya fitar da mafi muni a cikin bil'adama da kuma haifar da damar da za a yi amfani da masu rauni a cikin al'umma ta hanyar mutane, kamar su. masu lalata da bala'i waɗanda ke amfani da yanayin hargitsi don safarar ƙananan yara marasa rakiya (Montgomery, 2011). Dabbobi kuma na iya zama masu rauni daga irin wannan cin zarafi kamar yadda aka gani a Hurricane Harvey tare da rahotannin bala'i sata da kuma bala'i tara, na ƙarshe wanda ya haɗa da masu satar dabbobi waɗanda suka yi amfani da bala'in a matsayin damar da za su sake dawo da ajiyar su (Glassey, 2018).
Ko da lokacin lokacin amsawa ya fara, haka ya kamata shirin farko na lokacin farfadowa. Hakanan ana iya bayyana farfadowa a matsayin farfadowar al'umma, kuma wannan lokaci yana buƙatar haɗawa da la'akari da dabbobi da jin dadin su. Wannan sau da yawa na iya haɗawa da samar da masaukin haya na dabbobi, sake haɗewar dabbobin da aka yi gudun hijira, da maido da ayyukan jin daɗin dabbobi da na dabbobi. Farfadowa yakamata gina baya mafi kyau, da ma’anar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, wadda ta shafi dan Adam, an bayyana shi da:
Yin amfani da matakan farfadowa, gyare-gyare da sake ginawa bayan wani bala'i don kara karfin al'ummomi da al'ummomi ta hanyar haɗa matakan rage hadarin bala'i a cikin maido da kayan aikin jiki da tsarin zamantakewa, da kuma sake farfado da rayuwa, tattalin arziki da muhalli. (Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Rage Hadarin Bala'i, 2020b)
Rashin bala'i bayan bala'i, masaukin dabbobi ya kasance ana gano shi a matsayin batu, daga Haiti inda, bayan girgizar kasa na 2010, 'yan gudun hijirar da ke cikin sansani a cikin tantuna ba su iya samun dabbobin abokan su ba (Sawyer da Huertas, 2018, p. 10), zuwa ga waɗanda suka koma yankunan keɓance rediyo a kusa da Fukushima don halartar dabbobinsu a asirce, ko kuma suna barci a cikin motocinsu a cikin yanayin sanyi tare da dabbobinsu, saboda ba a ba da izinin dabbobi a cikin matsuguni na ɗan lokaci (Kajiwara, 2020). Hakazalika, a cikin Christchurch bayan girgizar kasa na Canterbury na 2011, masaukin abokantaka na dabbobi ya zama karanci, wanda ya tilasta masu su bar dabbobinsu, suna haifar da damuwa ga mutane da dabbobi (Potts da Gadenne, 2014).
Za a iya shan wahala na tsawon watanni da tasirin tasirin mutane da dabbobi yayin bala'i da bayan bala'i. Waɗancan mutanen da suka amsa don taimakawa dabbobin da bala'i ya shafa, daga masu ceton sa kai zuwa ƙwararrun likitocin dabbobi, ba su da kariya daga tasirin fallasa ga abubuwan baƙin ciki da ake samu a cikin bala'i. A cikin binciken duniya na masu ba da amsa bala'i na dabbobi, an gano cewa 51% sun baje kolin lamuran lafiyar ɗabi'a yayin amsawarsu kuma har zuwa watanni 6 bayan haka (Vroegindewey da Kertis, 2021). Yana da mahimmanci ga duk wanda ke la'akari da shiga cikin martanin bala'in dabba don samun damar samun horon taimakon farko na tunani da albarkatu.
Har ila yau, lokaci na farfadowa ya kamata ya haɗa da tsari don yin tunani game da amsa, har ma a kan farfadowa. Yawanci bin amsa, an rubuta rahoton Bayan Aiki (AAR) biyo bayan taƙaitaccen bayanin ƙungiyoyin da ke cikin martanin. AAR muhimmin mataki ne na farko a cikin tsarin sarrafa darussa, wanda ke da nufin inganta ba kawai martanin da ke biyo baya ba, amma haɓakawa zuwa faɗuwar matakai na cikakken sarrafa gaggawa. Mafi yawa, AARs ba wajibi ba ne, kuma ba tsari, abun ciki, da yadawa ba ne. Ko da yake AARs suna da mahimmanci don inganta martani na gaba, wanda ya kamata ya haifar da ingantacciyar lafiyar jama'a da sakamakon jindadin dabbobi, ba safai ake raba su ba, sau da yawa saboda tsoron ƙarancin da ke kawo abin kunya na siyasa ko lahani na mutunci.
Darussan da aka gano a cikin AARs abin takaici ba safai ake koya ba. Nazarin Glassey et al. (2020) ya gano cewa kashi 7% kawai na darussan da suka dace an koya a cikin mahallin martanin bala'in dabba da ya taso daga Ambaliyar 2017 Edgecumbe, zuwa gobarar 2019 Nelson. Binciken kwatankwacin AAR na waɗannan abubuwan biyu sun gano cewa matsalolin gama gari da suka shafi horo, iyawa, doka, manufofi, tsarawa, sarrafa bayanai, da sarrafa abubuwan da suka faru, an maimaita su, kuma da alama ba a koya darussan ba. Zaton cewa ana koyi darussa daga bala'o'in da suka gabata yana buƙatar a bincika sosai.
Don inganta jin daɗin dabbobi a cikin bala'o'i, ana buƙatar aiki da yawa. Da fari dai, dole ne a ba da fifiko kan rage raunin dabbobi ga haxari. A matsayin wani ɓangare na ingantacciyar hanyar kula da gaggawa, ginshiƙai don ƙirƙirar juriyar juriyar al'umma dole ne su haɗa da dokoki da manufofin tushen shaida. Irin waɗannan tsare-tsare suna buƙatar tabbatar da masu kulawa sun ɗauki alhakin kula da lafiyar dabbobi a cikin bala'o'i, amma kuma dole ne su samar da kulawa da ayyukan gwamnati da ƙungiyoyin abokan hulɗa waɗanda ke sauƙaƙe da daidaita sarrafa bala'in dabbobi. A halin yanzu babu wani tsarin da zai kwatanta tasiri na tsarin kula da bala'in dabbobi a fadin kasashe. Ana ba da shawarar cewa za a sake fasalin Fihirisar Kariyar Dabbobi (Kariyar Dabbobin Duniya, 2020) don haɗawa da alamar sarrafa bala'in dabba, ko kuma an haɓaka ma'aunin sarrafa bala'in dabbobi na duniya daidai da Ƙarfin Ƙasa don Amsar Dabbobi a cikin Gaggawa (NCARE) kamar yadda aka haɓaka. ta Ƙungiyar Amirka don Rigakafin Zalunci ga Dabbobi (Spain et al., 2017). Dokokin samfuri don kula da bala'in dabba kuma yakamata a haɓaka kuma a yi la'akari da su azaman ɓangare na sake dubawa ko sabbin fihirisa. Sauran tsarin kamar su Yankuna biyar (Mellor, 2017) zai iya amfana daga ƙarin bincike game da aikace-aikacen su ga kula da bala'in dabba.
Har ila yau, akwai buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari don kula da bala'in dabbobi na yau da kullum, daga kasancewa "batun dabba". Kiwon lafiya Daya - Hanyoyi guda ɗaya suna ba da dama don haɗa dabbobi da jin daɗin ɗan adam, da dorewar muhalli, duk a cikin yanayin gudanar da bala'i da kuma daidai da tsarin rage haɗarin bala'i na ƙasa kamar Tsarin Sendai (Dalla Villa et al., 2020) .Travers et al. (2021) kuma yana ba da shawarwari don haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Lafiya ɗaya da kula da bala'in dabba, gami da: sassa biyar na aiki: (i) haɗa dabbobin gida cikin ayyukan sarrafa bala'i da manufofin; (ii) ƙirƙirar yanayi na abokantaka na dabbobi da manufofi masu alaƙa; (iii) shigar da ayyukan al'umma a cikin shirye-shiryen gudanar da bala'i; (iv) haɓaka ƙwarewar mutum ta hanyar shigar da masu mallaka a cikin haɓaka ƙarfin aiki da (v) sake fasalin kiwon lafiya da sabis na gaggawa zuwa tsarin fiye da ɗan adam.
Wataƙila amsar ita ce haɓaka tsarin 'Ceto ɗaya' wanda ke gane fa'idodi da dama ga lafiyar jama'a lokacin da aka haɗa dabbobi cikin shirin bala'i ta hukumomin ɗan adam, kamar samun sabis na kashe gobara da ceto suna daidaita martanin bala'in dabba don tabbatar da haɗin kai, guje wa kwafin ƙoƙari, da kuma ba da damar iya aiki daga horarwa da kayan aiki masu amsa bala'i na dabba, yin aiki yadda ya kamata a matsayin masu haɓaka ƙarfi. Wannan tsarin yana sanya kariya ga dabbobi ba kamar yadda ake tunani a cikin bala'o'i ba, amma babban aikin da zai haifar da ingantacciyar sakamakon lafiyar ɗan adam da dabba. Wannan motsi kuma zai buƙaci waɗanda daga ɓangaren 'dabbobi' su tashi tsaye don samun ƙarin tabbaci a cikin sana'ar kula da bala'i, ta hanyar kammala horon kula da gaggawa, cancanta, da kuma takaddun shaida kamar Certified Emergency Manager (CEM®) don ƙarin jin dadin dabbobi. ko ilimin dabbobi. Hakazalika, waɗanda ke cikin 'bangaren kula da bala'i' da ke mai da hankali kan ɗan adam suna buƙatar ƙarin fahimtar mahimmanci da fa'idodin haɗa dabbobi cikin shirye-shiryen bala'i, ta hanyar haɓaka ƙwararru kamar kwas ɗin Kariyar Dabbobin Duniya na PrepVet da darussan Nazarin Independentan FEMA akan shirin gaggawa na dabbobi da dabbobi. .
Miliyoyin dabbobi suna fama da bala'i a kowace shekara kuma wannan zai ci gaba da girma yayin da mutane ke yin zaɓin da ke ƙara haɗarin irin waɗannan dabbobin zuwa faɗaɗa haɗarin haɗari, waɗanda ke ta'azzara ta hanyar sauyin yanayi, ƙaruwar noman dabbobi, ƙazamar birni, raunin kayayyakin kiwon lafiyar dabbobi, da rashin tsarin kula da bala'in dabbobi. Matukar dai al'umma ta kasa inganta matsayin kula da bala'o'in dabbobi, ba wai jin dadin dabbobi kadai ke yin illa ba, har ma da aminci, walwala, da rayuwar bil'adama. Don rage waɗannan tasirin, ana buƙatar haɗin kai don haɓaka tsarin kula da bala'in dabbobi da na ɗan adam, tare da ingantattun hanyoyin yin lissafi a kowane matakai. Kimanin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan miliyan takwas a duniya sun dogara ne da 'yan adam don samun tsarin ɗabi'a don haɓakawa da magance waɗannan raunin, kuma irin wannan aikin ba zai iya zuwa nan da nan ba.
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Ana samun ƙarin wallafe-wallafe ta marubucin ta hanyar Research Gate.
Ana iya duba tarihin marubucin a www.animaldisastermanagement.blog.
Tabbataccen kwas ɗin mai rakiyar Tushen Gudanar da Gaggawa na Dabbobi is samuwa a kan layi.
